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Home - Lessons - CISA Certification Training (ISACA) - M6 — Audit Evidence and Testing Technique - Separating a control design gap from an operating failure

CISA Certification Training (ISACA) Separating a control design gap from an operating failure

CISA Certification Training (ISACA)

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M1 — The IS Auditing Process

Planning: risk-based scoping and materiality decisions

Audit programs, sampling and selecting evidence that supports a conclusion

Execution: interviews, observation, inspection and reperformance

Working papers: what makes evidence admissible and reproducible

Communicating results: findings, ratings and the closing meeting

Follow-up and validation that remediation actually happened

M2 — Governance and Management of IT

IT governance frameworks and who is accountable for what

IT strategy, policy and organisational structure review

Risk management process as an auditor tests it

Resource management: budget, capacity and human capital

Maturity assessment without turning it into a vanity score

Regulatory, legal and contractual obligations, including DPDP

M3 — Acquisition, Development and Implementation

Auditing the systems development lifecycle at each stage

Project governance: baselines, change control and benefits realisation

Business case, feasibility and post-implementation review

Data conversion, migration testing and cutover risk

Third-party acquisition: vendor selection, contracts and SLAs

Approvals, testing evidence and go-live decision quality

M4 — Operations and Business Resilience

IT service management and incident, problem and change practice

Job scheduling, capacity and performance monitoring evidence

Database and system administration controls in practice

Business continuity and disaster recovery: plan versus tested reality

Backup regimes and the restore test nobody ran

Logical, physical and environmental access controls

M5 — Protection of Information Assets

Information asset classification and handling rules

Logical access: identity, authentication and authorization testing

Network and endpoint security control review

Encryption and key management as an audit question

Security incident detection, response and escalation evidence

Environmental and physical protection of facilities and media

M6 — Audit Evidence and Testing Technique

Reperformance, recalculation, inspection and inquiry, and when each fits

Sampling: statistical versus judgmental, and how to defend it

Walking a control end to end to prove it operates

Attribute testing and documenting exceptions cleanly

Automated control testing and reliance on tool-generated evidence

Separating a control design gap from an operating failure

M7 — Finding Writing and Communication

A finding with condition, criteria, cause and effect, stated plainly

Severity rating tied to risk rather than to auditee sensitivity

Getting agreement without weakening the conclusion

Management responses, remediation owners and due dates

Reporting upward: what a board needs in a page

Closing an audit so the next one starts easier

M8 — Capstone: Practice Exams and Exam-Day Strategy

A full timed practice exam under real conditions

Scoring by job practice to isolate the weak area

ISACA question style: most correct, not merely correct

Scenario stems where every option is defensible

Exam-day time budget and review pass order

A two-week revision plan built from the job-practice scores

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